Researchers that want to study migrating birds have problems
gathering data on what birds eat, when or if they have pit stops, and the
effect of the weather. One solution to this problem was to build a $1.5 million
wind tunnel to study a captive bird’s metabolism and flight. Researchers can
adjust temperature, humidity and barometric pressure and study the effect on
birds.
How to get birds to work with you in wind tunnels
From an interview with Science's Elizabeth Pennisi:
“A year old, the tunnel presents researchers with an
unprecedented opportunity to probe the mysteries of migration in exquisite
detail. But money can't buy birds that are keen to fly in a wind tunnel, and
the team has had mixed success finding willing avian partners. An early project
using starlings did well, despite taking place when the tunnel was not quite
finished. It netted "Super," a bird that always cooperates and will
even fly into the wind tunnel on its own accord. But a study involving robins
took months to identify five somewhat cooperative fliers; switching to
Swainson's thrushes worked better. One immunological project involving a
shorebird called a ruff is stranded because the birds show no inclination to
take to the air. And the researchers have just started testing warblers to see
if high-protein or high-carbohydrate diets make a difference in energy use
during flight.”
Some early test results from biologists at the University of Western
Ontario in Canada
discovered that the birds on long migrations conserve water by burning muscle
and organs instead of fat.
The protein in muscle doesn't provide as much energy as fat,
but it can release five times as much water - enough to keep birds going during
their nightlong flights, according to a study published Friday in the journal
Science.
Scientists believe that understanding how birds use protein
during migration could help them better understand the environmental challenges
facing animals that migrate.
Sources:
- Pennisi, Elizabeth. Going the Distance. Science 28 January 2011
- Bird in wind tunnel - picture taken from Professor Jeremy Rayner -University of Leeds
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